Search results for "Risk level"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
Aggregation of Risk Level Assessments Based on Fuzzy Equivalence Relation
2017
The paper deals with the problem of aggregation of risk level assessments. We describe the technique of a risk level evaluation taking into account values of the risk level obtained for objects which are in some sense equivalent. For this purpose we propose to use the construction of a general aggregation operator based on the corresponding fuzzy equivalence relation. Numerical example of the investment risk level aggregation using an equivalence relation obtained on the basis of different macroeconomic factors for countries of one region is considered.
The role of «perceived loss» aversion on credit screening: an experiment
2013
A major characteristic of credit markets is information asymmetry.To combat its problems, as credit rationing, principals can use a menu of contracts to screen clients with different risk level. We conduct a laboratory experiment to address an important question for such settings —does the framing of the offered menu of contracts interfere with the self-selection mechanism? The answer is yes. We find subjects' choices shift when the same (positive) outcomes of the same menu of contracts are presented in two different frames. Subjects exhibit loss aversion in their perception of the positive outcomes below the reference point, and self-selection fails to occur. Uno de los mayores problemas a…
Determining the explosion risk level and the explosion hazard area for a group of natural gas wells
2016
Starting from the fact that the natural gas engineering profession is generally associated with a high occupational risk, the current paper aims to help increase the safety of natural gas wells and reduce the risk of work-related accidents, as well as the occurrence of professional illnesses, by applying an assessment method that has proven its efficiency in other industrial areas in combination with a computer-aided design software. More specifically, the paper focuses on two main research directions: assessing the explosion risk for employees working at natural gas wells and indicating areas with a higher explosion hazard by using a modern software that allows their presentation in 3D. Th…
Chemotherapy in early breast cancer: when, how and which one?
2014
The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the level of risk of the individual patient. Because of this, careful estimation of the risk level is mandatory. In addition to well-established clinicopathological factors, validated gene expression signatures might be useful in selected patients if all other criteria are inconclusive for therapeutic decision-making. If indicated, chemotherapy can be used either after surgery (adjuvant) or before surgery (neoadjuvant). Both approaches lead to comparable long-term survival. The neoadjuvant setting offers the additional opportunity for elaborate translational studies to develop and validate predictive biomarkers and to discover mechanisms of resistance…
On Aggregation of Risk Levels Using T-Conorms
2019
This paper deals with solutions for numeric evaluation of risks containing several different risk factors assessed by experts. The proposed methods can be used to assess the risks and obtain the risk scores in different industries, including financial industry, but they are also suitable for assessing risks in other areas, e.g. project management. While risk is usually considered as a function of probability and impact with strong quantitative background, there are many practical cases when only qualitative risk assessment based on expert opinions can be used. At the same time there are still requirements and needs for applying numerical values and mathematical models to such qualitative as…
Fuzzy Metric Approach to Aggregation of Risk Levels
2019
In this paper we propose a special construction of a general aggregation operator. The construction allows to aggregate fuzzy sets taking into account the distance between elements of the universe. We consider the case when fuzzy sets to be aggregated represent the risk level evaluation by several experts. We describe how the proposed construction could be applied for risk level assessment in the case when a strong fuzzy metric is used to characterize the similarity of objects under evaluation.
2SPD-025 Application of hazard vulnerability analysis to evaluate the risk level of medicine shortages
2020
Background and importance Drug shortages have become a worldwide phenomenon which has repercussions on patient care and on the hospital’s budget. Aim and objectives The aim of our study was to assess the risk of shortages of drugs included in our hospital therapeutic formulary (HTF), for which there is shortage reporting, using a hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA). Material and methods We performed an HVA on 43 drugs in our HTF, which were also included in the Italian Medicines Agency list of shortages. The HVA used to assign the risk of shortage (ROS) included three macro areas: probability that the shortages will occur based on shortages in the past 2 years; magnitude factors which incre…
Dynamic Risk Taking with Bonus Schemes
2014
This paper studies dynamic risk taking by a risk-averse manager who receives a bonus; the company may default on its contractual obligations (debt and fixed compensation). We show that risk taking is time independent, and is summarized by the so-called risk aversion of derived utility. We highlight the importance of dynamic aspects and provide a foundation for common qualitative discussions that are based on characteristics of bonus functions. The paper cautions that deferral of fixed compensation may increase risk taking. Finally, we motivate a new bonus scheme that incentivizes the manager to implement the socially optimal risk level.